Multispectral imaging of normal bladder mucous membrane and clinical stage of bladder tumor

Abstract

Objective: To explore the imaging characteristics and clinical significance of multispectral cystoscopy.

Methods: A total of 14 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 16 patients with bladder tumor were enrolled from May 2011 to May 2013; five patients with normal bladder were enrolled as a control group. After the patients were anesthetized, a resectoscope was inserted into the bladder through the urethra. White, ultraviolet (UV), blue, green, red, and near-infrared lights were used for cystoscopy.

Results: When UV and near-infrared lights were used to irradiate the bladders, there were no images on the monitor. However, the bladder mucosa and submucosa blood vessels showed clearly and constituted a three-dimensional mesh when using green light; the density of blood vessels was increased but was less clear when using blue light (p < 0.05), and the mucosal surface was covered in red when using red light. After transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) for T1 stage tumors was performed, the superficial muscle layer with integrity structure could be observed under white light, but blood vessels did not appear when using green light. Ta stage tumors were shown to be connected to the mucosal vasculature by only one small blood vessel when viewed under green light. Blood vessels were normal when usingwhite light. Structural disorders seen under green light should be highly suspected as Tis-stage tumors.

Conclusions: Tumor blood vessels and bladder mucosal vasculature can be shown by green light without the use of photosensitizers or fluorescent dyes. Hemoglobin absorbs light at different wavelengths. Thus, according to the principles of imaging, small tumors and invasive tumor depth can be identified under green light. cystoscopy.